Incandescent lamp for liquid fuels



A. KORNFELDJ INCANDESCENT LAMP FOR LIQUID FUELS. APPUCATION FILED AUG.4, 1921.

1,438,? 1 4, Patented Dec. 12, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Q 18-pin;

.17? van for A. KORNFELD. INCANDESCENT LAMP FOR LIQUID FUELS.

APPLI CATI ON FILED AUG-4, I921.

'Piptqted Dec. 12,1922;

3 3HEETSSHEET 2.

buen tor': A .Kopz 1 A. KORNFELD. INCANDESCENT LAMP FOR LIQUID FUELS. APPLICATION FILED AUG.4, 1921.

Patented De.12,192-2.

ADBIEN KOBNFELD, or GENEVA, swrrunarinivn, ASSIGNOR 'ro THE FIRM .i. LAMBEEGIEB &. 00., or snnnva, SWITZERLAND.

rivennnuscuu'r LAM}? r'oa LIQ D runLs.

Application filed August 4, 1921. Serial No. 489,859.

To all w ham it may concern 7 Be it known that I, ADRIE-N KORNFELD, a citizen of Poland, residing at Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Place Montbrillant, have invented 5 certain new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Lamps for Liquid Fuels (for which I have filed an application in Germany, April 28d, 1920, No. 5034s of which the following is a specification. y

The invention relates to an incandescent lamp adapted to burn without a wick, without an auxiliary flame and without pressure, and intended for use with liquid fuel, such as petroleum, benzine, benzol, carbureted alcohol, denatured alcohol, and the like, in which the flame is normally slightly above the fuel receptacle and, if required, may also be placed in other positions.

The use of a wick for the purpose of carrying the fuel from the receptacle, not-withstanding its advantages, is eliminated in the present invention, by reason of its fouling by the impurities of theliquid fuehparticularly if denatured alcohol is involved, and its coking in the vaporizer. This fouling and coking has an increasingly injurious action on the capillary action of the "wick, whereby the power to raise the liquid and hence also the tension of the combustible vapors to the Bunsen ejector are reduced, so that an incandescent lamp utilizing a wick must be taken apart very often and the wick be changed with the attendant dii'fieuh ties.

The use of an auxiliary flame is objectionable in that it must be present continually inside the lamp, below the fuel container, and it also renders the construction and adjustment of the lamp complicated and unnecessarily ezrpensive. j

With the use of pressure in such lamps for raising the liquid fuel from the container to the Bunsen burner, even a slight height, in order to obtain the best possible mixture and the most brilliant'and economical flame. the disadvantage here is that use must be made of a hermetically closed fuel container, from which the I most minute quantity of fuel must not be permitted toiiow. In addition, with the use of pressure, the danger is very great that the liquid fuel will discharge at the mouth of the ejector and spread around the entire burner, and

aften take fire.

The new incandescent'la-mp is constructed on the following two basic ideas: 1st. The principle of the simultaneous double descent, whereby on-the one hand'the liquid fuel, by reason of its 'own weight, flows through a tube fromthe container, and on the other hand, the recovered heat of the flame T is passed downwardly. The two fi'nallyu'nite in order to convert the liquid fuel into combustible vapors in a vaporizer. The latter is positioned on the base plate of the lamp and at a relatively great distance below the container, so-that theair openings of the Bunsen e ector have a very large and accessible space between'the container and the vaporizer;

2nd. Theprincipie of the-double recovery and the double'downward passage ofthe heatof the flame to the vaporizer, on the one hand-through the metallic conductor of the Bunsen burner and on the other through the direct, passage of the heat through combustible vapors; whichare :firstpassed above the vaporizerto the flame andthen, after being superheated by the flame, are passed downwardly j Th.e invention will be described hereinafter'in detail in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figured is a vertical sectional view of a lamp embodying the invention.

' 2 is a similar view of the upper portion of the lamp of a slightly modifiedconstruction.

Figs. '3; 4; and 5 are similar views of other modifications.

Fig. 6 is a side view of a lamp embodying another modification.

In Bi 1, the annular container 1 receives the liquid fuel and is arranged at suitable height. "Through a thin tube 2 the fuel is passed from above downwardly, that is, from the container to the base of the lamp, A tube 3,, of relatively large diameter, constructed of thin, poor heat conducting metal, for example German silver, forms the lower part of the vaporizer and of the burner. The v hole is arranged in the vertical axis of the lamp and attached in a depression in the center of the base plate of the lamp.

The lower .endof the tube 3 is closed by a tube 3 is desir ated by.

' ignated directly cleaned. Inside tube 3 there may be provided a metallic filter or thelike; ex tending to the upper part of the vaporizer, which always permits the free passage of liquid fuel, but catches all vaponresid'uesl Pipe 2 empties at the lower end of pipe 3 into the latter, the liquid flowing from be; low therein through the vaporizer and up' wardly.

The arrows 011 the drawing indicate the course of the liquid from the container to the vaporizer,

The liquid level in the heat insulating 4:, andthc vap rizer as well as t e entireburnen supported y p pe he in andescent slee e. 5. is supp cna ni 1. s n... .1;- and? is the uefi me, spa e he'Buns u Arrange in -he. cen er: ofh fie e so cc 7 is a he ecoverymetal rod: ds f r a certain. i ance be o the. flame space. The, grate of network'ot th, lamp is indicated by 9, while-the upperpart forming the, head oi? the Bunsen burner-is desl0. Radially extending metal strips 11 are soldered on the ene, hand to the lowerpart of the central rod. 8. and on the other to the inner we is of; the burner head 10. 12 and 13 designate respectively the Bunsen mixing pipe'and the air. supply p p eing he je t-o1" nozzle screwed-in the upp r pa t o ithevapori The latter divided by a; tight partition 15 in o-two compartments, 16' being the e" ch her. and 17 the vaporizingchamoei part-merit. At the top of compartment; 1 below the partition 15, is soldered a tube 18, through which passes the combustible vapors from below upwardly in Contact with the superheating flame from space 7. The tube connected with the-tube 18 and serving for passing the combustible vapors again back to the vaporizer designated 19, and the end of this tube is soldered to the ejector compartment 16 above the partition 15. The different arrowsslilow the directien of flow of the combustible vapors and their exit through the ejector nose-1e 1-iverticall from below upW t dlF of the burner. The rod porizing chambers 16" and l? with relatit i thick wall 0.1 conducting metal, for exarnplaredor lcopper. hile the la np is in opera .aon "Le heat taken tronr'the flame in space 7 5 passed downwardly toi fard thevaporizer ver. two paths, namely, first tl' ough the metallic burner, and secondly through the pipe l9 for the superheating vapors. Somewhat below the level d, where the: vaporizer is soldered to theztulo'e 3, t-heheat rays meet. The combustihleliquidfio rs;

8 and arrives somewhatabovetholecol 4;, where it 1s sub ect to a temperature sutficient-ly high and having sufficient heat to convert it into vapor. 20 is the pan for the burning alcohol, 21 the gallery or ridge or flange of the burner, and 22 the glass cylinder.

When the lamp is not in use the level of the liquid in the fuel container and in the ascensional tube 18 is equal. It is evident therefrom thatunder no circumstances, when the lamp is not in use, can the liquid pass to the fall pipe 19 and flow out of the ejector let. The tube or pipe 18 extends above. the level of the fuel container. During the time, in which the lan1 is not used, the. tensionof he combustible vapors a he mo h of; e jector mounts to 0; Att -he moment of use, howevenby reason of. the of the burner by the alcohol. burning in the 1" n 2.0., the liquid level in the tube 18. be to. fall through the formation of corn stible vapors. At the sametirne the ten. on at theinouth of the ejector 1d gradually rises. Bit the lnornent at which the liquid arrives at the height of the level. ithis tension is mathematically equal. to the height between this level and the. liquid level in the container increased by the specific density of the liquid used. It is preferable to arrange the vaporizer a 'far below the container as possible. The depth oi the level. in, the container then e are ess in lu nce on he en on of the vapors in the ejector.

T e V issinmltane'ouslv effected,through the r latively. great. le th of the mixing pipe, anii itiinate admixture oi? air with the vapors, at a lower tension of these vapors, even. in such cases. where the vapors contain-agreat deal of" carbon, as tor. example, withhenzine and petroleum. In order to lacable to arrange the vaporizer as low as possible, it is of advantage in this system, when the lamp. begins to burn, that the double heat recovery be effected, first through the metallic tube and second through the ti'z insr .ssion of the vapors.

riny s 'itable 1""8313 (not utilizetfor o and v. extending but the modification of the upper part 01 the ascending anddescending tube 18 and 19- nsead of this upper uart surrounding the q space 2' in the rorm of an arc, in --1 1 the two tubes. are placed so as to ferns; a straight: rod, which lies vertically the space 7, the heat from ich heats the tubes 18 19. by radiation. In this modification the flange 21 supporting the glass cylinder and the incandescent sleeve is an integral unit, and for this purpose there is provided in the lower portion of the flange, an opening 28, with or without a tube, for the r ception of the pipes 19 and 18.

According to the embodiment of Fig. 8, the two tubes 18 and 19 are also placed against each other, but here they are not adjacent to but in the flame space 7. It is evident that under these conditions the central rod 8 can not be positioned in the manner before described, but that it must be formed of a pipe 8, concentrically surround ing the tubes 18 and 19 and which is attached either to the grate made of heat conducting material or to radially extending strips 11.

Fig. & shows an arrangement in which the central tube for recovering the heat is omitted, and the heat recovery takes place through the metallic walls of the tubes 18 and 19, the upper parts of which extend into the flame space 7. For this purpose the walls of this tube are made of thick, good heat conducting metal. The tubes are soldered either to the heat conducting grate 9 or to the radial strips 11, which latter bring them in direct metallic contact with the burner head 10.

It is to be noted that with certain fuels, for example, benzine, benzol and carburetted alcohol, which generate a high temperature, although vaporizing at relatively low temperature, the upper part of the tube 18 and 19 need be brought only to the level 2e below the flame space, as shown in Fig. 4, although of course, above the container 1. The two tubes are thus in direct accord with this level, wherein they traverse the burner or surround it in the form of a soldered chamber for heating the vapors (Fig. 5).

The lamp illustrated on Fig. 6 is made according to the above described principles, but differs therefrom in that the container 25 for the liquid fuel is not arranged below the flame but at the same height or even above it. It is evident that in the latter case the tubes 18 and 19 must be arranged inside the cylinder 22 slightly above the likewise elevated container 25. The container 25, which for convenience may have an annular, or other form, is placed in the shade 26.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is:

1. A standing incandescent lamp for grav-- ity fed liquid fuel comprising a Bunsen burner tube having an ejector and an air supply opening, a mantle arranged at the upper end of said tube, a vaporizing chamber arranged at the lower end of said tube and adapted to be heated by a heat conducted by said tube, a fuel reservoir an ranged above the vaporizing chamber, a pipe for conveying fuel by gravity from the container to said chamber, a fuel conveying tube having one of its ends communicating with said vaporizing chamber and its other end connected to the first mentioned tube for supplying fuel to said ejector, said second mentioned tube extending upwardly from the vaporizing chamber to a point sufficiently close to the wall of said mantle to be heated by the flame and then extending downwardly to its place of connection with the first mentioned tube, the fuel passing through said second mentioned tube being also adapted to heat said vaporizing chamber, and heat conducting means associated with said burner tube to permit heat from the flame space of the mantle to heat the burner tube.

2. An incandescent lamp as claimed in claim 1 in which the last mentioned means includes a thick-walled conductor formed of good conducting metal.

3. An incandescent lamp as claimed in claim 1 in which the vaporizing chamber is connected to an insulating member in the form of a thin-walled tube of poor heat conducting material.

a. An i'ncandescentlamp as claimed in claim 1 in which the vaporizing chamber is connected to an insulating member in the form of a thin-walled tube of poor heat conducting material, and a removable plug closing one end of said thin-walled tube.

5. A standing incandescent lamp including a standard, a fuel reservoir supported by said standard, an insulated tube arranged at the lower end of said standard, a pipe for conveying fuel by gravity from the reservoir to the lower portion of said tube, a burner tube having its lower end connected to the upper end of said insulated tube, said burner tube being provided with an internal partition having an internal chamber, an ejector nozzle arranged in the burner tube and receiving fuel from said chamber, the lower portion of said burner tube forming a vaporizing chamber, a fuel conveying tube having its lower end connected to the vaporiaing chamber and extendin upwardly above the upper end of said burner tube and from this pointextending downwardly and having its other end connected to said in ternal chamber, an air port provided in said burner tube for admitting air to the latter, a heat conducting member arranged at the upper end of said burner tube and adapted to convey heat to the latter and a mantle arranged at the upper end of the burner tube and surrounding said heat conducting member.

In testimony whereof 1 affix my signature.

ADRIEN KORNFELD. 

